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| Paris,
the capital and largest city of France is located in the north central
area, about 370 km (about 230 mi) from its Atlantic Ocean outlet at Le
Havre. Roughly circular in shape, Paris is divided by the Seine, which
enters in the southeast and loops to the north before leaving the city
in the southwest. The river contains two islands: éle de la Cité
and the smaller éle Saint Louis. Paris is situated in a low-lying basin; the city is mostly flat, although the elevation gradually increases from the river to the low hills that ring the city's edge. The highest natural feature within the city proper is the Butte de Montmartre, at 129 m (423 ft) above sea level. The Paris metropolitan area contains nearly 20 percent of the nation's inhabitants and dominates the economic, cultural, and political life of France to an extraordinary degree. The original site of Paris was on the éle de la Cité and the adjacent left (south) bank of the river. The Romans established a regional capital here in the 1st century AD, naming it Lutetia. With few topographic constraints on its growth, Paris expanded through the years in a generally circular form and was enclosed by a successive series of walls for defense. On becoming obsolete, the walls were demolished, and their sites were transformed into wide streets and handsome boulevards, creating vital access routes within the city. Until recent years, building heights within Paris were limited to 20 m (66 ft) or about six stories; thus, the city, although densely inhabited, has a low skyline except for outlying new developments, such as La Dfense, an area of high-rise buildings that house the offices of many international companies. |
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